Colmar

Maison Pfister (Pfister House), built in 1537

Colmar is a city in Alsace, France. It was the last town in France to be liberated during World War II in Europe, on February 2, 1945.

Understand

Alsace has changed nationalities many times in the course of history between France and Germany. Colmar has been French for most of its modern history, however its population used to be predominantly German. It was annexed to France after Germany lost WWI and during WWII Hitler reclaimed it. It is quite shocking to see photographs from the time with Nazi flags hanging through the streets.

A reaction to Nazi cultural suppression led to the Frenchification of Alsace (and Colmar with it). Despite this, you will still hear a lot of German spoken in Colmar, some because of the numerous tourists from neighbouring Germany and Switzerland, but some spoken by native Alsatians, speaking their German dialect called Alsatian. Alsatian is the local minority language, although it is endangered, with ever fewer speakers among the young generations. Alsatian is not identical to standard German, but it is to a certain extent mutually intelligible. In some parts of the city, as well as in Strasbourg, street signs are written in French with Alsatian German underneath. Among the minority languages of France, Alsatian German is the most enduring (followed by Breton, Occitan, Basque and Catalan). Many Alsatians will be delighted to be addressed in German rather than in French (though not all of them). If you do not speak French, German should be the next preference. English is unfortunately not widely spoken; however, if you politely address someone in French, they may make an effort to help you despite language barriers.

1 Colmar Tourist Office, Place Unterlinden. The Colmar Tourist Office is well supplied with details of local and regional attractions and events including free plans of the town. (updated Aug 2024)

Get in

By plane

If you arrive by plane you will probably use one of the closest airports: Euroairport at Basel (BSL ^IATA) (with a variety of low cost flights) or Strasbourg (SXB ^IATA). Other airports in the area are Baden Airport, Stuttgart, Zürich and Nancy.

By train

Colmar lies between Basel (French: Bâle) and Strasbourg. There is a direct train connection from both cities.

2 Colmar Train station, Place de la Gare. Please note that there is no luggage storage in the train station, nor anywhere else in town according to the Colmar Tourist Bureau. You might be able to ask a hostel or hotel to hold your luggage for a small fee. (updated Sep 2018)

By bus

If you arrive from the German side, there is a bus leaving from Breisach (small border town in Germany), to which there is a direct train from Freiburg. Bus ride Breisach-Colmar takes 30-40 min, €4.3 (2018). The bus-stop is located directly in front of Breisach train station. If you are visiting from Freiburg, it is cheaper to get a RegioElsassTicket, as it is valid for this bus, as well as the entire RVF (Regio-Verkehrsverbundes Freiburg) network. For timetables and details, please refer to suedbadenbus.de's page.

Get around

All of Colmar's attractions are concentrated in its old town. For a medieval city, it is surprisingly big, but you can nonetheless get around on foot with no difficulty.

• 3 Trace. Trace operates about a dozen bus routes in Colmar. A ticket, valid for an hour of travel, costs €1.50, a pack (carnet) of 10 tickets €11.00, Alsa+ 24hrs Colmar Agglo ticket costs €3.5 and allows unlimited rides inside the city and Colmar agglomeration for 24 hours. The main town centre hubs (pôles d'échanges) are Théâtre (to the north west of the town centre) and Gare (to the south west of the town centre). During the summer some routes have services every twenty minutes during the day (Monday to Saturday) with late services on Fridays and Saturdays. There are services on Sundays and public holidays but they are significantly reduced. (updated Aug 2024)
• 4 Petit Train Touristique de Colmar (Green little train). A little train tour of Colmar departing from 3 Rue Kléber. (updated Aug 2024)
• 5 Le Train Touistique (White little train). A little train tour of Colmar departing from the end of Rue des Clefs. (updated Aug 2024)

See

Gate to the Maison des Tetes

Colmar's old town is the main attraction if you come to Colmar. It is stunningly beautiful and well preserved. You should allow yourself a day to stroll along Colmar's old streets and many many shops. Make sure to keep an eye out for dates painted onto the side of buildings. Some of the oldest date back to the 1300s.

Little Venice

• 1 Maison des Tetes (House of the Heads). A Renaissance building decorated with faces. (updated Sep 2018)
• 2 Maison Pfister (Pfister House). A marvellous old wooden house, one of the oldest in Colmar. (updated Sep 2018)
• 3 Dominican Church (Église des Dominicains). Worth visiting only because of a famous Schongauer painting. The painting is very beautiful and so is the church, but skip this if you are pressed for time. Entrance fee €2. (updated Sep 2018)
• 4 St. Martin Church (Cathédrale de Saint-Martin), Place de la Cathédrale. A large church entirely made of pink stone. (updated Sep 2018)
• 5 Unterlinden Museum, 1, rue d' Unterlinden. It is a most interesting museum situated in a medieval convent near the tourist information center. Entrance costs €8 for adults and €5 for children and students under age 30, but this includes an excellent audio guide for many of the paintings. The museum exhibits objects of very different types e.g. furniture, armour, paintings, knitted carpets, and silverware, but its highlight is definitely the Isenheim altarpiece by Gruenewald, a revolutionary Alsatian Renaissance painter. Even if you are not much into art it is still shocking to see how modern and inventive this painter was. The collection also includes paintings by Holbein the Elder, Renoir, and Picasso. The museum also shows some very interesting touring exhibits and also musical events. The locals are very proud of this museum and many people turn out for the openings of exhibits. 
• 6 Bartholdi Museum. Dedicated to the sculptor of the Statue of Liberty, who was native to Colmar. (updated Sep 2018)
• 7 Little Venice. Enjoy this little corner of the city; with small canals reminiscent of Venice, Italy. (updated Sep 2018)
• 8 Bartholdi High School (near the Little Venice). Dating back to 1698, it is worth a sight. If you are brave enough to go inside, you will be able to see one of Auguste Bartholdi's original sculptures : "Genie funebre". 
• 9 Musée des Vins D'Alsace (Alsace Wine Museum), 12 place de la Cathédrale. A museum about wine in the Alsace. It has exhibits on the history of wine, how it is grown, all aspects of wine making (including pressing, fermentation, barrel making and bottle making) and wine appreciation. The visit is supported by an audio guide which also gives access to interactive wine-themed games. There are opportunities to taste wine samples. (updated Aug 2024)
• 10 Choco Story, 12 place de la Cathédrale. A museum about chocolate. It has exhibits on the history of chocolate, how it is grown and how it is manufactured. The visit is supported by an audio guide which also gives access to interactive chocolate-themed games. There are opportunities to taste chocolate samples. (updated Aug 2024)
• 11 Le Marché Couvert de Colmar (Covered Market), 13 rue des Ecoles. This brick building with a metallic roof was established in 1865 and had many functions before returning to its market hall roots in September 2010. Twenty-odd traders sell fresh quality produce all year: fruit and vegetables, meat, cured meat, cheese, baked goods, fish and local produce. (updated Aug 2024)

Do

Wandering about Colmar's old streets is the best way to explore it. There is a variety of shops of different sorts. The Alsatian cuisine is also omnipresent (in restaurants as well as specialist stores).

Buy

Most recommended is to buy clothes and shoes in Colmar. The variety is satisfactory and the prices lower than in neighbouring Germany, Switzerland and even Strasbourg. Apart from these, you can find typical crafts which can be bought as souvenirs. Notable is the typical Alsatian pottery. It comes in a coloured variety, usually blue, green or cream coloured, and decorated with motifs of storks (the regional bird) and flowers. Pottery is also available in a pale blue style, but this type has a stronger German influence. Typical wine glasses for the region are short glasses with green stems. Look for tablecloths, tinware and other such households reproduced with depictions of children and adults in typical Alsatian dress. Food and wine are also major components of the Alsatian production, so look below for relevant tips.

Eat

A tarte flambée from a brasserie in Colmar

Alsace is known for its pastries. Kugelhopf is a well-known cake similar in shape to the American Bundt cake and has raisins with powdered sugar on top. You can buy traditional ceramic Kugelhopf pans in any tourist shop with recipes to make at home. During Easter, small cakes molding from lamb-shaped pans are made. They are served with a ribbon around their necks and topped generously with powdered sugar. Macarons are also found in specialty sweet shops and also in the frozen isle of the supermarket (try the Monoprix in the center of the town), which can be eaten straight from the box frozen. Note that they are not like American macaroons (coconut haystacks) but are the French version composed of two small, pastel colored cookies made from almond flour (which has a melt-in-your-mouth quality) with an icing in between. In sweet shops you will also find Meringues, made from whipped egg whites and sugar, dyed in pastel colours and then baked. Make sure to try the tarte aux poires, which is a pear tart with an eggy custard filling with baked pears.

Tarte flambée (Flammekueche in Alsatian, or Flammkuchen in German) is the Alsatian equivalent of pizza, though extremely different. Traditionally, it is made of a thin layer of dough, covered with crème fraîche (rich sour cream), cheese, onions, and bacon (lardons in French). It is baked very quickly in an extremely hot oven so that it gets crispy. Legend has it that the dish was a solution to the extra scraps of dough left over from the bakers. Other regional specialties include the Black Forest cake (with raspberry, cream and sponge) and quiche Lorraine.

Alsace is also famous for their Bretzels (pretzels in English). They are fresh baked and soft with generous amounts of salt. Sometimes you can find them with melted cheese on top accompanied by smoked salmon or ham.

Alsace is also famous for their Sauerkraut (or choucroute in French). This is fermented cabbage served hot with boiled potatoes and a variety of meats. Choucroute aux Poissons (with fish) is becoming more widespread.

Budget

• 1 Nooï, 84 Grand Rue. (updated Feb 2023)
• 2 Restaurant La Soï, 17 Rue des Marchands. (updated Feb 2023)
• 3 La Terasse Du Marche, 13 Rue des Écoles. Flammkuchen from €9.50 in a beautiful setting. (updated Feb 2023)
• 4 Le Palais Gourmand, 14 Grand Rue. Crêperie (updated Feb 2023)
• 5 Virevol'Thés & Gourmandises, 2 Rue Rapp. Tea house with savory dishes (updated Feb 2023)
• 6 Ile aux Saveurs, 9 Rue de la 1ère Armée Française. (updated Feb 2023)
• 7 Restaurant Marmaris, 15 Rue Étroite. Turkish restaurant (updated Feb 2023)

Mid-range

• 8 Maison Rouge, 9, rue des Ecoles. A restaurant in the touristic part of the city. The French food is good, the service a bit slow. Have escargot for starter. (updated Feb 2023)
• 9 Restaurant L'incontournable, 23 Rue d'Alspach. French cuisine (updated Feb 2023)
• 10 Restaurant Le Quai 21, 21 Quai de la Poissonnerie. French cuisine (updated Feb 2023)
• 11 La Cocotte de Grand-Mère, 14 Pl. de l'École. French cuisine (updated Feb 2023)

Splurge

• 12 JY's, 3 All. du Champ de Mars. (updated Feb 2023)
• 13 Restaurant Girardin - Eric Girardin - 1 Étoile Michelin Colmar, 19 Rue des Têtes. (updated Feb 2023)
• 14 L'Atelier du Peintre, 1 Rue Schongauer. (updated Feb 2023)

Drink

Prefecture of the Haut-Rhin department, lit up at night

Alsace is a traditional area of wine production and its wine is widely esteemed in France and outside it. In Christmas time try the cooked orange juice with honey and spices and also the spiced (or mulled) wine served hot in many of the creperies or bars.

Alsatian wine is very unique and similar to some German wines. A popular tour is to take the Routes des Vines and sample the wineries along Alsace. Typical Alsace wines are Muscat (fairly sweet), Gewürztraminer (very sweet, more so than wines of the same name produced in other regions), Riesling, Sylvaner, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Pinot Noir and Crémant d'Alsace.

In any of the creperies, they will serve an apple cider, slightly alcoholic. Doux is the sweet version and Brut is the dry version. This is not an Alsatian specialty, all of the ciders come from Brittany on the Northern Coast, but it seems all French people enjoy crepes and cider so authentic restaurants catering to these foods are widespread.

Eau de Vie is a very strong alcohol, similar to a vodka but produced from fruit, which gives it a distinct flavor. It was originally produced by the monks of the region. Look for the Eau de Vie de Mirabelle, which is a regional plum unique to Alsace.

Sleep

• 1 Maison Martin Jund, 12, rue de l'Ange, ☏ +333 89 41 58 72. This small hotel is family owned and they make their own wines. The building is extremely historic and is within walking distance of museums and bike rental companies. Bathroom is shared but rooms have their own shower and kitchen furnished with utensils. €28-50. (updated Sep 2014)
• 2 Hôtel Les Têtes, 19 Rue des Têtes, ☏ +33 3 89 24 43 43, fax: +33 3 89 24 58 34, TetesILA@ila-chateau.com. Officially classified as an historic monument, this 4 star hotel and gourmet restaurant is set around a beautiful medieval courtyard. From €280. (updated Sep 2018)
• 3 Camping de L’Ill, 1, allée du Camping, Horbourg Wihr. This camp site is in Horbourg Wihr on the bank of the River Ill, just across the Ill from Colmar. The centre of Colmar is about 2 kilometres from the camp site so it is accessible by foot, by bike or by bus. The camp site has a bar and restaurant and serves breakfast in the morning and pizzas and tartes flambées in the evening. From Monday to Saturday in the summer season, Trace bus line 1 runs every twenty minutes from the bus stop on the main road close to the end of allée du Camping with late night services on Friday and Saturday. There is a more limited service on Sunday. (updated Aug 2024)

Go next

You can use it as your starting point for travels in Alsace.

• The Massif des Vosges is nearby and offers a lot to nature lovers (in winter as well as in summer).
• The Alsatian Vineyard Route passes through Colmar. Some of its medieval towns and villages are justifiedly popular among tourists (Riquewihr, Ribeauvillé (Rappoltsweiler), Kaysersberg as well as Eguisheim, Turckheim, Bergheim, all near Colmar). Others are virtually unknown, but have a charm of their own (like St. Hypolite in the mountains). All of them offer beautiful medieval architecture, wonderful wine, good Alsatian food and a lovely pastoral atmosphere.
  • An alternative to driving or using public transportation to visit the medieval towns, is to hire a tourist taxi from Colmar.
  • Kut'zig offers a hop on/hop off open-top bus service from Colmar to six of the nearby villages (Ribeauvillé, Hunawihr, Riquewihr, Kaysersberg, Turckheim and Eguisheim). If you choose to visit all six villages in a day you have about an hour and a half in each. Tickets are available online or from the Colmar Tourist Office.
• Haut-Kœnigsbourg (Hohkönigsburg) — a fully restored medieval castle on the top of the mountain near Sélestat (Schlettstadt).
• Strasbourg and Basel (Basle) are close by and are interesting cities to visit.
• There are also a series of charming towns ten to twenty minutes bus rideaway. Visit Turckheim for a colourful medieval escape with plenty of eateries, or Wintzenheim to get a great view of the surrounding mountains.
• Mulhouse is at the end of the Route de Vins. This town was badly damaged in WWII and consequently not as much of a tourist attraction, so skip it if you are pressed for time.
• Near Basel, Laufenburg, Germany and Laufenburg, Switzerland are another pair of beautiful medieval towns situated on both banks of the Rhine with a lovely route along the Rhine leading to them.
• Across the German side you will find Freiburg and the beautiful Black Forest (Schwarzwald).
• The historical casino town of Baden-Baden is also a short journey away.