Alishan

Alishan National Scenic Area (阿里山國家風景區 Ālǐshān guójiā fēngjǐng qū) is a national park in Chiayi County, southern Taiwan. Located high up in Taiwan's mountainous spine, Alishan — "Mount Ali" — is Taiwan's most-visited national park. The historic Alishan Forest Railway brings passengers from the lowlands through the mountain village of Fenqihu (just before the park), alongside groves of ancient cypress trees, and to a sunrise over the iconic Yushan piercing through a sea of clouds.

Understand

Trail through the cypress forests

History

The area has been settled by Taiwanese Aboriginal people since time immemorial, but ethnic Chinese began settling only in the 19th century. Development really took off only when the Japanese completed the Alishan Forest Railway (1912), a remarkable narrow-gauge train that was built for logging the area's giant cedars. The area's beauty was so convincing that the Japanese government designated it as a National Park in 1937. By the 1970s, logging had pretty much ended and tourism had become the area's primary earner, and the entire area was declared a "national scenic area" in 2001.

Landscape

Alishan is not a single mountain, but a range on Taiwan's spine, averaging 2,500 m high, and with the highest peak Datashan (大塔山) reaching 2,663 m. Taiwan's highest mountain, Yushan (3,952 m) is easily visible from Alishan.

Flora and fauna

Due to its elevation, Alishan's flora are more temperate/alpine than tropical, and the slow transition from bananas and palms to evergreens on the way up is interesting to watch.

The dominant feature are giant Taiwanese red cypresses (Chamaecyparis formosensis), some of which have been growing in the area for well over 2,000 years. Although most of the area is was logged and are now managed forests, the loggers left behind the most irregularly-shaped giants, as well as trees that grew fused together, which are now the most striking monuments in these forests.

In spring, crowds flock to view cherry blossoms, while in summer the mountainsides are blanketed with orange montbretia blossoms.

Alishan
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D       36     15 6       79     15 6       118     16 9       175     19 11       467     21 14       454     21 15       571     22 15       584     22 15       356     22 14       93     21 12       36     19 10       40     17 8 Average max. and min. temperatures in °C Precipitation+Snow totals in mm Source
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D       1.4     58 43       3.1     59 43       4.6     61 48       6.9     66 52       18     69 56       18     71 58       22     72 59       23     71 59       14     72 58       3.7     69 54       1.4     67 49       1.6     62 46 Average max. and min. temperatures in °F Precipitation+Snow totals in inches

Climate

In summer, Alishan is a cool escape from the steamy coastal cities. Due to its elevation, Alishan is considerably cooler than the coast, with daytime highs averaging 14-24°C in summer and 5-16°C in winter.

Even for a mountain, Alishan's weather is extraordinarily rapidly changing: an average day starts with a cloudless morning, theatrically dense clouds of rolling mist by noon and ends with a lightning storm and torrents of rain before repeating all over the next day. Humidity is always very high, and indeed most surfaces in the park seem to be covered with a layer of luxuriant green moss. Snow is rare, but does fall during the winter every few years.

Get in

By train

Alishan Forest Railway

Take the famous Alishan Forest Railway (阿里山森林鐵路) narrow-gauge train from Chiayi TRA station (not the new HSR station at Taibao). A one-way ticket costs NT$399 and takes around 5 hr up and 4 hr down. The train passes through the scenic village of 1 Fenqihu (奮起湖, sometimes Fencihu or Fenchihu) halfway up and the village of Ruili (瑞里) is also accessible (several km away) from Jiaoliping (交力坪) station. Don't miss this trip, especially if you're a train or architecture buff, as the line is largely the same as it was before World War II — but you might want to consider a bus for the way back (it takes about 4½ hours for the return trip).

As of 2024, there is one train from Chiayi all the way to Alishan at 10:00, and one train leaving Alishan at 11:50. An additional train goes only as far as Fenqihu at 09:00. The railway will sell standing room tickets and during peak periods like summer and the cherry blossom season trains can get very crowded, so book ahead by calling operator TRA at (05)225-6918, preferably in Chinese, and show up at least 30 min before departure to collect your tickets. Alternatively, there are usually "scalpers" standing outside the ticket window selling tickets at-cost, in the hope that you will also book a room in the hotel they work for. In Chiayi station, the Alishan ticket counter is on the outside of the building, separate from the ordinary TRA counters.

By bus

• 2 Alishan Bus Station. Buses stop at a small terminal just before the park entrance, with a large 7-Eleven and an upstairs gallery space. Tickets leaving Alishan are bought inside the park 7-Eleven convenience stores, and cannot be purchased far in advance. You can also purchase tickets directly on the bus if there are free seats. (updated Nov 2024)

From Chiayi

Buses (some large and luxurious, some more cramped minibus styles) from Chiayi to Alishan leave regularly and take between two and three hours. The route isn't quite as scenic as the train, featuring more tea plantations and small villages than cliffs and mountains. The combination of a somewhat bumpy and very winding road with aggressive driving can make this trip vomit inducing if you are prone to motion sickness. The ride back is not as bad.

Keep your bus ticket, you get a NT$150 discount on the park entrance ticket if you show a same-day bus ticket.

There are two primary routes:

• Route 7329/7329A: THSR Chiayi station to Alishan. The bus stop is immediately outside the station and is well-marked. As of October 2024, buses leave Chiayi at 09:30, 10:10, 11:00 (with a Fenqihu detour), and 13:10. Buses leave Alishan at 10:10 (with a Fenqihu detour), 13:30, 14:40 and 16:40. The fare is NT$290. A "combo ticket" that gets you 25% off a THSR return to Chiayi plus a return bus ticket is also available.
• Route 7322/7322A/7322B/7322D: Chiayi TRA station to Alishan. Ignore the touting old ladies greeting you as you exit the train station and head straight for the bus station, just outside and to the right of the TRA station. The ticket counter is inside the bus station. Buses leave from Chiayi at 06:10, 07:40, 08:10, 08:40, 09:10, 10:10, 10:40, 11:10, 12:10 and 14:10. The return buses leave from Alishan at 09:10, 11:10, 12:10, 12:40, 13:10, 14:10, 15:10, 15:40, 16:10 and 17:10. Each bus takes one of several slightly different routes, so look carefully if you need to stop along the way. As of October 2024, the fare is NT$240.

From Sun Moon Lake

Buses depart daily at 08:00 and 09:00 from Shuishe Visitors Center (Yunglin Bus 6739, NT$336). Reservations are required up to a maximum of 2 weeks in advance by submitting a Word form or in person at the Shuishe visitors center. Ticket can be purchased the day before or driver will accept exact change. The up-to-5-hr journey along winding mountain roads includes brief stops at a sour plum speciality store and the romantic Tataka Couple Tree.

By taxi

Outside the bus hours, the only way to get to Alishan is by taxi which will cost NT$1,600.

Fees and permits

Entry to Alishan costs NT$300 per person if arriving by car, NT$150 if arriving on public transport, and NT$150 for students with ID. Fees are collected on arrival at an entrance booth. The ticket comes with a map and a form that you can fill in and hand in to have free insurance while in the park.

Get around

By train

Sunrise, viewed from the hawker stalls area just above the Jhushan train station

• 3 Alishan Station. The central transit hub within the park. (updated Nov 2024)

The Alishan Forest Railway has three popular local services within the park.

• 4 Jhushan Station (祝山, sometimes Chushan). The Jhushan Line (祝山線) from Alishan is 25 min, 6.2 km. Jhushan Station is the highest elevation railway station in all of Taiwan. Has two daily departures very early in the morning (the exact time varies by season) so you can catch the sunrise over Jade Mountain (玉山). Departure times are announced at 16:30 the day before, but can sell out. You can reserve tickets two weeks in advance (reservation closes at 16:30 one day before departure). Same-day tickets are only sold 30 min before departure at Alishan Station. Pay attention to the time for 2 return trips back to Alishan Station. Otherwise you will have to walk 3 km downhill (roughly 45 min). One-way NT$150. (updated Nov 2024)
• 5 Shermuh (神木, Sacred Tree Station). The Sacred Tree Line from Alishan is around 1.2 km long, running along the same mainline as the trains from Chiayi. Departures half-hourly. The last train leaves at 16:00 back to the main station. One-way/return NT$50/80. (updated Nov 2024)
• 6 Zhaoping Station (沼平, sometimes Chaoping). The Zhaoping Line (沼平) from Alishan is a short hop of only about 700 m. Departures half-hourly. One-way/return NT$50/80. (updated Nov 2024)

The Mianyue Line (眠月線) closed in 1999 due to earthquake damage and is unlikely to reopen. The Shuishan Line (水山線) closed in 2008 after typhoon damage. Both lines are partially accessible as hiking trails.

By mini-bus

There are minibuses operating on the roads within Alishan, with stations at the major sites. These are especially important if you want to avoid having to hike back after 16:00, when the last trains run. Prices are the same as trains, but the tickets don't seem to be interchangeable with the trains. These are also a bit faster than the trains.

On foot

The village around Alishan station, with most of the hotels, shops, restaurants, is compact but on a hill that is steep in places.

All the attractions inside the park are connected by walking paths. All the main routes are well-maintained boardwalks or paved walkways, with stairs for steep sections and guard rails for exposed sections. Trails are ridiculously well signposted: every intersection of two paths not only has signs in Chinese and English, but a map pinpointing your exact location and all possible routes. You can also pick up an English map from the tourist office.

From the village, it's about a 1 km (20 minute) walk to Zhaoping Station, the gateway to the most popular areas of the park. A loop from the village to Zhaoping, Sister Ponds, Shouzhen Temple, Shermuh, and back can be easily walked within one day.

See

View from Jhushan just before dawn

Tree Spirit Pagoda

Sights around Alishan are signposted in Chinese, English and Japanese, though they are anglicized inconsistently. As you walk around the trails you'll find that nearly every tree of size, age or unusual shape has been dubbed with a fanciful moniker like "Elephant Trunk" or "Three Generation Tree".

• 1 Jhushan (祝山) (train from Alishan station). The top attraction in Alishan, everybody crowds aboard the predawn trains for the half-hour trip to this peak on the east side of Alishan, where you can see the sunrise over Yushan. If you're an early riser, you can also walk (the whole way is lit, albeit weakly), it's a not overly strenuous one hour from the 7-Eleven - this also allows you to go early before the crowds and enjoy the amazing pre-dawn twilight colours and tranquility, which you will miss if you take the train. There's a viewing platform right next to the station, but it's worth it to hike an extra 15-20 minutes past the helicopter pad to the very top, where the crowds are a little thinner. As the sun is already up behind the mountain, the sky is already quite light by the time you get to the top, and the sun is very bright when rising up -- hawkers sell disposable NT$10 eclipse-style filtered glasses, but it's better to not stare at all. On the way back, skip the train and walk back instead, it's a pleasant 3-4 km downhill hike. 
• 2 Giant Trees Trail (near Shermuh station). There are in fact two of these, both near Shermuh station, and they can be walked in a pleasant half-hour loop. The 36 featured cypresses here are giant indeed, and many have been growing for well over a millennium. The original 52 m (171 ft) Sacred Tree fell in 1998 to become a massive nurse log, passing the sacred designation to the 47 m (154 ft) Xianglin Giant Tree. The small Cihyun Temple, which was built by the Japanese, and the Tree Spirit Pagoda are along the way. The trail is particularly magical when the mist rolls in (in October, this tends to happen in the early to mid afternoon). 
• 3 Two Sister Ponds (姊妹潭). Two scenic little ponds in the forest. The Elder Sister Pond, the larger of the two, has a much-photographed octagonal little pavilion in the middle. 

Do

The hardcore hiker or sports enthusiast will likely find Alishan's offerings rather too tame, and might do better to go conquer Yushan next door instead.

If you stay overnight in Alishan, you can avoid crowds of tourists who do day trips. You should pretty much have the place to yourself by late afternoon. Wear comfortable shoes with good traction as the steps can be wet and mossy.

• Greater Tashan Trail (大塔山). The Greater Tashan is the highest of the Tashan peaks, at 2663 m. Depending on the weather, you will either have a wide vista from the observation platform at the top, or will admire a sea of clouds. A good trail leads up to the peak and takes about 1½-2 hours going up from its entry point nearby the Two Sisters Pond, a bit less going down again. The trail is blissfully free of tour groups due to its medium difficulty, with some quite steep stairs on the way, but it should be doable for anyone in decent walking shape. Bring something to drink and appropriate sun protection, as even if Alishan village is cloudy, the peak can still bask in full sun due to its higher altitude. 

Near Fenqihu

• Fenrui Historic Trail. About 4 hours one way, connects Fenqihu and Ruili through a scenic bamboo forest straight out of a kung-fu movie. (updated Nov 2024)

Near Shizhuo

• Shizhuo Trail System (north from Shizhuo). Six connected trails, totaling 5 km (3.1 mi), through tea gardens, bamboo forests, cedar forests, and sunset lookout platforms. (updated Nov 2024)

Buy

Alishan is famous for all sorts of mountain produce, notably tea (see Drink) and wasabi, as well as carvings and handicrafts made from red cypress. Souvenir shops also sell tasty cookies and pastries flavored with ashitaba (明日葉), a medicinal herb reputed to give long life. The name is Japanese for "tomorrow leaf", as (according to legend) if you pluck a leaf early in the morning, a new one will replace it by the next day.

Stores are clustered around the main village, though there are also a few vendors near Shouzhen Temple and Jhushan Station.

Eat

A Fenqihu lunch box

Budget

For a meal on the train, don't miss the Fenqihu lunch box (奮起湖便當 fenqihu biendang), which has a deep-fried cutlet, Taiwanese sausage and a selection of mountain veggies on rice. Vendors come onto the train to sell them at Fenqihu station (NT$100 each).

Stalls selling noodles, rice dishes and basic street food can be found at the Alishan main square, at Jhushan and the Jhoushen Temple.

• 1 Naromafei Food Court (W of main village square). 10:00-20:00. A hall of several vendor stalls serving soups and stir-fries. (updated Nov 2024)

While you are waiting for the sun to rise, a hot drink from the vendor will warm your hands. Also try the egg crepe, scallion pancakes and French toast. Hot Clear soup with blood rice cake is also available. Hot Sakura flavoured honey in the early morning is great too.

Mid-range

Alishan's main square has half a dozen largely identical restaurants specializing in hotpot (火鍋), using mountain vegetables and mountain game like deer and wild boar. Most cater mostly to groups and thus offer vast spreads (e.g. 10 dishes for NT$1,000), but if you stick to the menu, a "small" pot for two-three goes for around NT$300.

• Juh Shan Yuan Restaurant (玉山園餐廳) (behind clocktower on main square). One of Alishan's many hotpot restaurants. English menu (well, kinda), reasonably priced and tasty. 

Drink

Alishan is famous for High Mountain Oolong (高山烏龍 Gau-shan wulong) tea and you'll see plenty of plantations on the way up. There are a number of tea shops in the main village that will serve up a pot the traditional way for NT$200 or so. They will also let you try a number of teas for sale, and this is a good way to pass the evening. But this is with the expectation that you will buy something. Teas are mostly sold in vacuum sealed bags of 150 g, and usually will cost NT$400–800, although some can be as high as NT$3,000 for this amount.

Nightlife in any sense is virtually nonexistent, but all restaurants are happy to sell you a beer and you can pick your own poison at the convenience stores.

Sleep

Moss on a tree stump

Lodging

Most accommodation at Alishan comes from about a dozen hotels clustered in the Hotel Area, downhill from Alishan Station. The stairs down can be found just to the left of the visitor center. The Hotel Area is convenient for eating and shopping, but means a 1- to 2-km hike (or short train ride) for visiting the park. The hotels are basic for the price, and generally do not heat the rooms during typical weather, and may not run hot water during the day or even offer towels.

While touts meet incoming trains, it is best to reserve the hotels ahead of time, since on weekends (Friday, Saturday) and holidays most rooms will be booked almost every day of the summer. Weekday rates are much lower, but still rather expensive for what you get.

• 1 Dafeng Hotel (阿里山大峰渡假山莊), No.46, Jhongjheng Village, Alishan Township, Chiayi County, ☏ +886 5-2679769, fax: +886 5-2679577, dafenghotel@gmail.com. Complimentary Wi-Fi in the lobby, and also reaches most nearby rooms, for those traveling with laptops. The rooms don't have heat unless it gets very cold, although the beds have electric blankets. Also there was no hot water, this may be par for the course at the cheaper hotels in the area. NT$2300 weekday, NT$3000 weekend. (updated Oct 2024)
• Catholic Hostel (just after the park gate, turn left on the small road and it's the first building (a church) you will see on your left), ☏ +886 5-267-9602, svdalishan@yahoo.com.tw. It's better to call to make reservation or to send an email. The owners don't speak English, but they will understand your email if it's written in simple English (the answer will be in Chinese). Hot water and warm blankets. Bring your own towel, they don't provide! NT$3000/ 4500 for a room with up to 2 or 4 occupants. (updated Oct 2024)
• 2 Gao Shan Ching Hotel (高山青大飯店), No.43, Jhongjheng Village, Alishan Township, Chiayi County, ☏ +886 5-2679716, fax: +886 5-2679780, misscheerr@yahoo.com.tw. Large resort. NT $2,700 weekday, NT $3,600 weekend. (updated Oct 2024)
• 3 Shermuh House (神木賓館), No.50, Jhongjheng Village, Alishan Township, Chiayi County, ☏ +886 5-2679666, fax: +886 5-2679667. Check-in: 15:00, check-out: 11:00. Renovated 5-story hotel. Rooms are pleasant enough, but they're stingy with the heating, which is only turned on when temperature in the rooms falls below 7°C! 5 min on foot downhill from the railway station. NT$3300 and up. (updated Oct 2024)

A few hotels can be found elsewhere in the park.

• 4 Alishan House (阿里山賓館), No.16, Xianlin Village, Alishan Township, Chiayi County, ☏ +886 5-2679811, fax: +886 5-2679596. Check-out: 11:00. The grand old lady of Alishan's hotels, with both a traditional Chinese wing and a very modern, slick new wing. The best views in Alishan and well-located for venturing into the park. Free shuttle bus from railway station. Breakfast and dinner included, but watch out for the dinner, as it is not very good. From NT$3,800, up to NT$5,000 for the largest rooms with the most beautiful view. 
• 5 Alishan Gou Hotel (阿里山閣大飯店), ☏ +886 5-2679611, fax: +886 5-2679614. Free shuttle bus from the train station. Coats can be rented for NT$100, if you came dressed for summer, and don't want to get chilled to the bone while waiting for the sunrise. Price includes Taiwanese style breakfast in the hotel restaurant. NT$2,200 and up. 

Lodging outside the park is available around the towns of Fenqihu and Shizhuo. These towns are in the Alishan tea-growing region, and many farmers provide homestays nestled in the hillside tea fields.

• 6 Fenchihu Hotel (奮起湖大飯店), ☏ +886 5-256-1888. Also known as Fancylake Hotel, this is the only larger hotel in Fenqihu, a stone's throw from the train station. NT$2,400/3,200. 
• 7 Green Incense Homestay (綠香茶園民宿) (W of Shizhuo), ☏ +886 937573986. Several rooms hosted by a fifth-generation tea farming family, with tea fields right outside the window. Host doesn't speak English, but is exceptionally adept at Google Translate. Sit for a tasting session of the house tea. NT$2,500. (updated Nov 2024)

Camping

Camping is not permitted anywhere within the Alishan Scenic Area. If you have your own car, there are a few campgrounds within striking distance outside the park, notably at Dinghu (頂湖).

Stay safe

Pagoda in the Two Sisters pond

There are no dangerous animals or unusual health risks around Alishan. Be prepared for rain at any time and bear in mind that, especially outside summer, it can be quite cold. It is about 10°C colder in Alishan than Chiayi, and the difference only increases at night.

At the risk of stating the obvious, while the trails are exceptionally well guided during the daytime, there is next to no lighting — so head back when the night starts to fall.

Go next

• Getting out pretty much requires going back to Chiayi. From there, you could do worse than continue onto the hot springs of Guanzihling.
• Sun Moon Lake is another popular park with direct bus service.
• Yushan, Taiwan's highest mountain, is next door.
• Enjoyed the tea, and want more? Explore Taiwan's other tea-growing regions, such as Maokong and Pinglin.